 |
American
Sesame Growers Association
|
Nutrition Information
The USDA database (1) is used in the US to derive nutritional information that is used to determine labeling for food and represents the average of all of the samples tested. The database changes as more samples are tested. The database contains the number of samples that have been averaged and the standard deviations. There is a second major database from the USDA and is titled the Phytochemical database (2). The range in the table below is drawn from the phytochemical database and other sesame references.
Sesame is one of the few crops where there has been a limited amount of plant breeding leading to the germplasm from one part of the world dominating across the whole world. As a result the composition of varieties and cultivars varies considerably giving a very wide range on some components. Within a variety or cultivar there is less variability. However, the environment can have an effect on some components, e.g., as fertility increases, protein content increases and oil content decreases.
"Whole seed" is the entire seed which is different from dehulled seed (also referred to as decorticated seed). In the USDA database there are values for decorticated seed, oil, flour, and roasted sesame.
The following tables are based
on analyzing 100 grams of whole seed.
OVERALL COMPOSITION
| Nutrient |
USDA
Whole Seed
|
Range
|
| Moisture (g) |
4.69
|
|
| Protein (g) |
17.73
|
14.1 - 31.6
|
| Total lipid (fat) (g) |
49.67
|
32.8 - 64.0
|
| Ash (g) |
4.45
|
4.22 - 6.50
|
| Carbohydrate, by difference (g) |
23.45
|
9.1 - 25.3
|
|
Energy (kcal) (kj) |
573 2397 |
|
| Fiber, total dietary (g) |
11.8
|
2.7 - 15.7
g
|
| Sugars, total (g) |
0.30
|
|
ASH COMPOSITION
| Nutrient |
USDA
Whole Seed
|
Range
|
| Calcium (mg) |
975
|
80 - 1,263
|
| Chromium (mg) |
|
|
| Cobalt (mg) |
|
|
| Copper (mg) |
4.08
|
3.7 - 5.4
|
| Iron (mg) |
14.55
|
2.0 - 16.9
|
| Magnesium (mg) |
351
|
305 - 408
|
| Manganese (mg) |
2.46
|
1.4 - 3.2
|
| Nickel (mg) |
|
|
| Phosphorus (mg) |
629
|
50 - 890
|
| Potassium (mg) |
468
|
349 - 766
|
| Selenium (mcg) |
5.7
|
|
| Sodium (mg) |
11
|
4.6 - 63.4
|
| Zinc (mg) |
7.75
|
2.4 - 10.2
|
VITAMIN COMPOSITION
| Nutrient |
USDA
Whole Seed
|
Range
|
| Vitamin C (mg) |
0.0
|
|
| Thiamin (mg) |
0.791
|
0.071 -
1.139
|
| Riboflavin (mg) |
0.247
|
0.06 - 0.30
|
| Niacin (mg) |
4.515
|
3.6 - 6.502
|
| Pantothenic acid (mg) |
0.050
|
0.05 - 1.0
|
| Vitamin B-6 (mg) |
0.790
|
0.79 - 1.14
|
| Folate, total (mcg) |
97
|
97 - 139
|
| Folic acid (mcg) |
0
|
|
| Folate, food (mcg) |
97
|
|
| Folate, DFE (mcg) |
97
|
|
| Vitamin B-12 (mcg) |
0
|
|
| Vitamin A (IU) |
9
|
3 - 30
|
| Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) (mg) |
0.25
|
0.25 - 2.4
|
LIPID COMPOSITION
| Nutrient |
USDA
Whole Seed
|
Range
|
| Saturated fatty acids (g) |
6.96
|
|
| Butyric (4:0) (g) |
0
|
|
| Caproic (6:0) (g) |
0
|
|
| Caprylic (8:0) (g) |
0
|
|
| Capric (10:0) (g) |
0
|
|
| Lauric (12:0) (g) |
0
|
|
| Myristic (14:0) (g) |
0.12
|
0.03 - 0.17
|
| Palmitic (16:0) (g) |
4.44
|
2.56 - 5.14
|
| Stearic (18:0) (g) |
2.09
|
1.18 - 3.28
|
| Monosaturated fatty acids (g) |
18.76
|
|
| Palmitoleic (16:1) (g) |
0.15
|
0.14 - 0.16
|
| Oleic (18:1) (g) |
18.52
|
11.48 -
28.45
|
| Gadoleic (20:1) (g) |
0.07
|
0.070 -
0.073
|
| Erucic (22:1) (g) |
0
|
|
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids (g) |
21.77
|
|
| Linoleic (18:2) (g) |
21.38
|
12.3 - 27.9
|
| 18:3 undifferentiated (g) |
0.38
|
|
| Moroctic (18:4) (g) |
0
|
|
| Arachidonic (20:4) (g) |
0
|
|
| 20:5 n-3 (g) |
0
|
|
| Clupanodonic (22:5) (g) |
0
|
|
| 22:6 n-3 (g) |
0
|
|
| Cholesterol |
0
|
|
| Phytosterols (mg) |
714
|
714 - 1028
|
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION
| Nutrient |
USDA
Whole Seed
|
Range
|
| Alanine (g) |
0.93
|
0.55 - 1.48
|
| Arginine (g) |
2.63
|
1.58 - 3.90
|
| Aspartic acid (g) |
1.65
|
0.98 - 2.38
|
| Cystine (g) |
0.36
|
0.24 - 0.55
|
| Glutamic acid (g) |
3.96
|
2.47 - 5.19
|
| Glycine (g) |
1.22
|
0.59 - 1.99
|
| Histidine (g) |
0.52
|
0.30 - 0.71
|
| Isoleucine (g) |
0.76
|
0.76 - 1.35
|
| Leucine (g) |
1.36
|
0.44 - 2.26
|
| Lysine (g) |
0.57
|
0.29 - 0.87
|
| Methionine (g) |
0.59
|
0.31 - 0.94
|
| Phenylalanine (g) |
0.94
|
0.57 - 0.99
|
| Proline (g) |
0.81
|
0.81 - 1.43
|
| Serine (g) |
0.97
|
0.62 - 1.38
|
| Threonine (g) |
0.74
|
0.74 - 1.24
|
| Trytophan (g) |
0.39
|
0.20 - 0.50
|
| Tyrosine (g) |
0.74
|
0.42 -1.18
|
| Valine (g) |
0.99
|
0.55 - 1.55
|
OTHER COMPOSITION
| Nutrient |
USDA
Whole Seed
|
Range
|
| Alcohol, ethyl (g) | 0 | |
| Caffiene (mg) | 0 | |
| Theobromine (mg) | 0 | |
| Carotene, beta (mcg) | 5 | |
| Carotene, alpha (mcg) | 0 | |
| Cryptoxanthin, beta (mcg) | 0 | |
| Lycopene (mcg) | 0 | |
| Lutein + zeaxanthin (mcg) | 0 |
There is an additional website
which takes the USDA information and converts it into the format necessary
for labeling: www.nutritiondata.com.
The following links can be used to view the current data. Note that the links
represent one cup while the table above uses 100 grams. There is an option
at the top of the following links, which allow viewing other measures.
1 oz whole sesame seeds, dried
1 oz. whole roasted, toasted, sesame seeds
(1) Data specifically
from United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service,
2003, National Nutrient Database: Sesame, sesame seed, whole, dried, http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/cgi-bin/measure.pl?12023xyz1200xyzSeeds%2c%20sesame%20seeds%2c%
20whole%2c%20driedxyzSesamum%20indicum, accessed Apr 15, 2006.
(2) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/farmacy2.pl?928,
accessed Dec 29, 2004.
